How coronavirus kills human | How coronavirus kills: Acute Respiratory distress syndrome

How does the coronavirus causes death?

How Does The COVID-19 Coronavirus Kill?

So exactly What Does the Coronavirus Do to the Body ?

what actually happens to your body when it is infected by the coronavirus?

•For most patients, COVID-19 begins and ends in their lungs, because like the flu, coronaviruses are respiratory diseases.

• It can affect your upper respiratory tract that is (sinuses, nose, and throat) or

•lower respiratory tract that is windpipe and lungs.

•windpipe also called trachea,  it divides into two main bronchi. together, the trachea and the two primary bronchi are called the bronchial tree.  And At the end of the bronchial tree lie the alveoli. 

•They spread typically when an infected person coughs or sneezes, spraying droplets that can transmit the virus to anyone in close contact

• people nearby can take in through their nose, mouth or eyes.

•The viral particles in these droplets travel quickly to the back of your nasal passages and to the mucous membranes in the back of your throat, attaching to a particular receptor in cells, beginning there.

•Coronavirus particles have spiked proteins sticking out from their surfaces, and these spikes hook onto cell membranes, allowing the virus’s genetic material to enter the human cell.

•That genetic material proceeds to “hijack the metabolism of the cell and say, ‘Don’t do your usual job. Your job now is to help me multiply and make the virus. From here the phases of damage begins. Lets understand shortly.

•disease typically attacked the lungs in three phases:

•1. viral replication,

•2. immune hyper-reactivity,

•3. and pulmonary destruction.

•Not all patients went through all three phases—in fact only 19 percent of  , COVID-19 patients suffered severe or critical.

•Most of the cases, almost 82 percent, suffered milder symptoms according to early data.

Phase no 1 viral replication 

•viral replication means the formation or  multiplication of viruses during the infection process in the target host cells. Host cells means a cell that is infected by a virus or another type of microorganism.

•In the early days of an infection, the novel coronavirus rapidly invades human lung cells. Those lung cells come in two classes:

•ones that make mucus and

•ones with hair-like batons called cilia.

•Mucus, though gross when outside the body, helps protect lung tissue from pathogens and make sure your breathing organ doesn’t dry out.

•The cilia cells beat around the mucus, clearing out debris like pollen or viruses.

•SARS or Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, infect and kill that cilia cells.

•which then sloughed off and filled patients’ airways with debris and fluids,

•that’s because of the earliest studies on COVID-19 have shown that many patients develop pneumonia in both lungs, accompanied by symptoms like shortness of breath.

•The coronavirus damages both the wall and lining cells of the alveoli as well as the capillaries.

-  alveoli are the tiny air sacs within the lungs where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place.

-  The debris that accumulates because of all of that damage lines.

• The damage to capillaries also causes them to leak plasma proteins that add to the wall’s thickness.

•Normally alveoli have very thin membranes to facilitate gas exchange. 

•But“Eventually, the wall of the alveolus gets thicker than it should be,”

• “The thicker this wall gets, the harder it is to transfer oxygen, the more you feel short of breath,

Phase no. 2 immune hyper-reactivity  

•That’s when phase two and the immune system kicks in. Aroused by the presence of a viral invader, our bodies step up to fight the disease by flooding the lungs with immune cells to clear away the damage and repair the lung tissue.

•When working properly, this inflammatory process is tightly regulated and confined only to infected areas. But sometimes your immune system goes haywire and those cells kill anything in their way, including your healthy tissue.

•“So you get more damage instead of less from the immune response. Even more debris clogs up the lungs, and pneumonia worsens. 

Phase no. 3 pulmonary destruction 

•During the third phase, lung damage continues to build—which can result in respiratory failure.

•Even if death doesn’t occur, some patients survive with permanent lung damage. According to the WHO, SARS punched holes in the lungs, giving them “a honeycomb-like appearance”—and these lesions are present in those afflicted by novel coronavirus, too.

•These holes are likely created by the immune system’s hyperactive response, which creates scars that both protect and stiffen the lungs.

•When that occurs, patients often have to be put on ventilators to assist their breathing.

•Meanwhile, inflammation also makes the membranes between the air sacs and blood vessels more permeable, which can fill the lungs with fluid and affect their ability to oxygenate blood.

•“In severe cases, you basically flood your lungs and you can’t breathe,” “That’s how people are dying.”

•Sepsis is a common cause of death from coronavirus

•Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by the body's immune system overreacting in response to an infection. This overactive, toxic response can lead to tissue damage, multiple organ failure and death.

Death rate is variable according to the level of severity 

•Generally there are 3 levels

1. mild disease- 

At this early stage, you will not be sick and some people may never develop symptoms.

• About 80% of people who get Covid-19 experience a mild case – about as serious as a regular cold – and recover without needing any special treatment.

symptoms like fever and cough are treated with bed rest, plenty of fluids and paracetamol. You won't need specialist hospital care.

•This stage lasts about a week - at which point most recover because their immune system has fought off the virus.

2. Severe disease

•If the disease progresses it will be due to the immune system overreacting to the virus.

•"The virus is triggering an imbalance in the immune response, there's too much inflammation

•Too much inflammation can cause collateral damage throughout the body.

•Inflammation of the lungs is called pneumonia.

•in pneumonia the tiny sacs start to fill with water and can eventually cause shortness of breath and difficulty breathing.

•Some people will need a ventilator to help them breathe.

•This stage is thought to affect around 14% of people,

3. The third Level is Critical disease

•It is estimated around 6% of cases become critically ill.

•By this point the body is starting to fail and there is a real chance of death.

•The problem is the immune system is now spiralling out of control and causing damage throughout the body.

•It can lead to septic the shock when the blood pressure drops to dangerously low levels and organs stop working properly or fail completely.

•Acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS caused by widespread inflammation in the lungs stops the body getting enough oxygen it needs to survive. It can stop the kidneys from cleaning the blood and damage the lining of your intestines.

•"The virus sets up such a huge degree of inflammation that you succumb... it becomes multi-organ failure.

•Death rates also depend on a range of factors like your age and general health and the care you can access.

•The elderly and the unwell or those who have low immunity are more likely to die, if they contract coronavirus.

•Current estimates from Imperial College London are that the death rate is almost 10 times higher than average for those over 80 years of age, and much lower for those under 40 years of age.

• don't worry, you should not need to worry a lot.•Just follow the guideline like
•Washing your hand
•Properly covering your nose and mouth •Staying home  if we 

do support, everything will come back to normal very soon